Paper-tube shot-shell.



F. O. HOAGLAND.

PAPER TUBE SHOT SHELL. APPLICATION FILED APR.4, 1913.

1,6 1,907, Patented June 17, 1913.

@ Inventor: f

Hank Qfibayland \B m'ines sept- COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH Co..wAs1-|1NGTON. n.c.

UN PATENT @FFEQE.

FRANK 0. HOAGLAND, OF BRIDGEL OET, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO UNION METAL-LIC CARTRIDGE COMPANY, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, A. CORPORATION OFCONNECTICUT.

PAPER-TUBE SHOT-SHELL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 4, 1913.

Patented June 17, 1913. Serial No. 758,771.

To all w/wm itmay concern: view through the center-line of the shell;

Be it known that I, FRANK O. HoaeLaND, F 3 is a cross-sectional view inthe line In in, Fig. 1; Fig. iis a developed View of the forward portionof the metallic headtube, and is drawn in alinement with the name partin Figs. 1 and 2, for more clearly illustrating the twocircumferentially dis posed depressed panels which are located,'espectively, in separated longitudinal positions and are connected toform a circuit inclosing an undepressed zone of the metal shell, and forshowing the location within said inclosed or intermediate Zone, ofpaperengaging inwardlyextending projections separated from suchzone-inclosing panel; Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view(corresponding to a portion of Fig. 2) taken on the line Z Z, Fig. 4-;and, Fig. (3 is a fragmentary view (similar to Fig. 4 in arrangement)showing a portion of the paper tube and illustrating the manner in whichthe outer surface is molded by the corresponding shapes of thehead-tube.

Referring to the drawing, two circumferenlially-disposed panel members,P P are shown located, respectively, in different positionslongitiulinally of the metallic tube-portion B of the cartridge head H.In practice the head H may be of any usual or suitable construction, andI have therefore, for convenience, represented in the drawing. theconstruction shown in my aforesaid prior patent. The paper tube. T,

Bridgeport, in the county of Fairlield and State of Comiecticut, haveinvented certain Papering is new and useful Improvements in TubeShot-Shells, of which the folloi a specification.

This invention relates to that special class of ieloadable shot-shellsin which a metal head having a relatively short tubular portion iscombined with a relatively long paper-tube extension, and a principalobject of the invention is to furnish such shells having a moreeffective inter-engagement between the h id-tube and the paper-tube, andone by which the destructive action normally occurring in these shellsshall be reduced and thereby secure an increased durability and a moreextended period of serviceability.

For accomplishing those objects, I have devised a composite shot-shellhaving, as hereinafter explained, a depressed panel extending in acircuit and inclosing an undepressed Zone within which are located aconsiderable number of relatively abrupt or sharp paper-engaging devicesfor gripping the paper-tube within a zone thereof which is relativelysegregated from the main portion of such tube by a compressivecontrolling action of the circuit-form panel of the metal head-tube, andin which this p-eculiar action is of a relatively non-destrucis shownlocated within the metal tube B, tive character. and the rearward end isshown firmly seated My present invention, therefore, is in part betweenthe head ii and the lining ll, this in the nature of an improvement uponthe being expanded outwardly by the usual. interlocking constructiondisclosed in Let baseavad lV. ln some cases the lining L ters Patent ofthe United States, No. may, if desired, be extended to a point for-],OZUJJQ, granted to me March 12, 1012, wardly of the panel-member P oreven befor paper shot shell, in which a non-ciryond the tube 13, asindicated, for instance, cuitous depressed panel is shown extending atl, Fig. t only partially around the shell, and only in in Figs. 1 and4., the two circumferentlal a single position longitudinally of theshell, panel-members P and P ,-these being and vithout any supplementalmetallic separated by a considerable distance, are paper-engagingprojections, and with no shown connected by the relatively longitu- 1aper-engaging faces or devices located ondmal panel-members P" and P",and thus an undepressed portion of the head-tube, the depressed panelbecomes a circuit which and with no such faces or devices separated as aWhole extends around and incloses the from tl e depressed panel.uiulepressed tube zone N. F or convenience,

In the drawing accompanying and formthe panel, considered as a whole, isdesiging a part of this specification, Figure l nated by P. Thepreferred construction of is a side view of a paper-tube shot-shell thepanel P is indicated in Figs. 2 and 5,

particularly in Fig. 5, where it is shown made according to my presentimprovements; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional composed of thedepressed central portion 3,

l l a citizen of the United States, residing in 2 Leeann? connected bythe two ogee-curves, at 3 and 8" with the undepressed tube wall, at 2and 2", on either side. When the fibrous paper-tube T is forciblyexpanded by the gas pressure, (see Fig. the depressed panel P isembedded into the paper tubewall, at 4, with the result of formingtherein a channel as C, Fig. 6, and of reforming and molding the fibersin curvilinear directions, in a manner diagrammatically indicatcd at at,f", doing this wit-h a compressive action tending to control the slidingtendency of the tube T within the 'tube 13, and with a minimum ofdestructive action. In this class of reloadable shotshells, as I havediscovered and experimentally ascertained, the fibrous material of whichthe paper-tube, T, is made, is adapted for being moderately compressedwithout injury in relatively narrow zones or areas, and into aninterlocking engagement with inwardly-extending or depressed shellwallzones or panels when these have an ogee sectional forum-especially suchas indicated in Fig. 5, he fibers being thereby molded or formed oncurved lines in a peculiar manner which permits and secures the requiredyielding action of and within the body of the papertube material, andamong the fibers thereof, while obtaining a suitable compressive andgripping interlock action, as between the metal tube and the paper tubefor resisting both the longitudinal and the torsional stresses to whichthese tubes are liable, and to which they are normally subjected, firstduring the firing of the charge, and later, during the extraction of theshell. In this connection it will be re membered that on the firing ofthe powder charge, the earlier stages of the increasing gas-pressureoperate to forcibly expand the paper tube T against the inner surface ofthe gun-barrel, (not shown), and thereby reby a firm adhesion anysliding of this siell-tube in the barrel; and that subsequently to suchadhesion becoming effective, and when the increase of the gas-pressurecomes to nearly its maximum, the metallic head of the shell is drivenbackwardly through a distance which in practice is permitted by theunavoidable yielding of the component members of the gun-mechanism undersuch maximum pressure, thereby forcibly drawing the head H rearwardly,and tending to tear the head away from the paper tube. This action,however, being resisted as above indicated, and the usual basewad beingcompressed into place for holding the rearward end of the paper tube T,firmly engaged with the headmember H,

results in applying an intense stress to all that rearward part iswithin the tube 13 of said head-member; and this act-ion appears to beespecially severe throughout the length of the circumof the paper tubewhich l t l 1 l therefore, I have devised the ferential zone 97,, asfrom n to 12?, Fig. 2, within which zone the described gripping andinterlocking features are located. It will now be evident how thepanel-circuit l, by being embedded in the tube T, forms therein acompressed zone, as C, also in the form of a circuit, and thus dividesoff and partially separates from the surrounding tube-surface, aninclosed interlock-zone or area, as hi t which is thus brought under apositive yet slightly yielding control by the described compressiveaction. li ithin that relatively segregated area, N, I locate in thetube 13, a considerable number of variously arranged and separatedpaperengaging projections,'such for instance as l ),-which projectinwardly from the un-' depressed part, N, of the metal tube, and areseparated from the panel P, so that these supplemental tube-grippingdevices have a direct engagement in and with the chanuel-inclosedfull-thickness part. N, Fig. (3, of the paper-tube T. In cross-sectionalform these gripping members, D, are preferably formed with relativelysharp or abrupt side surfaces, see Fig. 5,-for readily entering the firmfiber-stock of which the tube '1 should, in practice, be made and,preferably, also those projections I) should be of a greater heightinwardly from the tube-wall B, than is the panel P.

The side faces of the said paper-engaging projections D are preferablyof an ogee form, but having these of a sharper curvature than the ogeeouter and inner side-boundaries at 3 and 3, respectively, of the panelP. Thus the circuit-forn'i panel P of ogee-sectional form is.ipplemented by a plurality of non-circuitform ogee paper-grippingprojections located within the circuit of the panel P, bu separatedtherefrom;

In the composite arrangement as above set forth, the fibers of the paperare in part pressed more firmly together and in part remoldcd or shiftedto conform the paper wall to the curved metal surfaces, especially tothe double-ogee form of the compressive panel P. In this way I avoid anyforcing outwardly of the paper into recesses or grooves as heretoforesometimes attempted, because I find that such forced-out paperprojections are not of the desired strength and stability. In thepresent improvement,

different and more effective compound interlock-construction hereinillustrated and described, in which the interlocking engagement lai lyeffected by the narrow ogee-members, as i), which project inwardlydirectly from the head-tube itself, (and not from any non-- alinedportion or panel thereof) and which engage with molded surfaces whichare lo cated wholly within the cylindrical boundary surfaces of thepaper tube. This construction has the advantage of forming a illcontinuous and ;unbroken bearing-line, or line of demarcation as betweenthe inclosed interlock-Zone areas of the paper-tube, as N and thesurrounding plain cylindrical surfaces, as clearly indicated .in Fig. 6.Thus the group D of said paper-gripping members all actupon an area ofthe papertube which is alreaty inclosed within a circuit-Zone which isunder compression, and consequently the effect of these inclosedmembers, D, is also restricted within such circuit, so that a relativelylarge number of those non-circuit form of ogee members may be used,suflicient for securing the necessary aggregate extent of theinterlocking action and to prevent undue longitudinal or torsionaldislocation, and without thereby materially impairing the strength ofthe tube T.

The manner above described of combining together or grouping a pluralityof the noncircuit-form members within a circuit-form ogee-member,-theforms being arranged or included within the circuit ofthe latter, hasthefurther advantage of permitting the Zone P of the metal shell B, to beso proportioned as to be able to successfully resist deformation frombeing repeatedly subjected from within to the gas-pressures of highpowerexplosives. The several non-circuit ogee-members, as I), should all bemade, in practice, of a narrow width, the inclosed area N of said metalshell being made with the major portion of its exterior surfacecoincident with the exterior cylindrical surface of the member B, sothat the said inclosed area when the cartridge is fired will bearnormally and directly against the barrel of the gun. By thus avoidingthe use of any non-alined form of panel for carrying the ogee-form ofcurved paper-engaging faces, the desired aggregate amount ofinterlocking is readily obtained, and in a manner least destructive tothe paper-tube, since the carved metal surfaces act by molding ratherthan by incising the surface fibers 01' the paper, while the avoidanceof sharp angles further provide for the required amount of mobility,with a minimum of wear in the interlock-Zone due to such action ormobility.

In Fig. 5, I have indicated a peculiar feature of the operation orcoaction of the inter-engaging faces of the two tubes B and T, duringthe time when the inner tube is subjected to gas-pressure and is alsosubjected to strain longitudinally by the rear wardly yielding movementof the outer tube B. The paper-tube T being held in place by thepressure within the forward part thereof, is resistant to rearwardmovement in the gun-barrel (not shown) as indicated by the arrow (3,while the same pressure drives the metal tube B rearwardly, as indicatedby the arrow 7. This action results, of course, in putting thepaper-tube T under a longitudinal tension (as also indicated by saidarrows 6 and 7), and in forcing the ogee-member P rearwardly against thepaper at r where the increased density thereby momentarily created isindicated in Fig. 5 by the darker shading at that point. But a furtherand peculiar act-ion also takes place at that location, since theconcave curve 6 of the ogee-wall 3 new acts to guide or defiect thefibers inwardly toward the convexcurve 6 of such ogee-surfaces, and soreduces the force of the interlock-engagement as between the two tubes,to a point or amount sufficient to prevent any substantial impairment ofthe stability of the paper tube T at that location therein, and therebymaintaining an effective interlock while avoiding the high ratio ofdestructive action and consequent rapid deterioration heretofore usualin this general class of shot cartridges.

A further and immediate effect of the foregoing actions is to cause theogee-walls, as 3, 3 Fig. 5, to bear against and tend to crowd or rideover the opposing bearing faces, as l, 4*; but these latter faces beingfibrous and though curved having a surface continuity, the forces thusapplied operate to compress the fibers, (as approximately indicated bythe shading) in one of said locations, as 4;, while relieving orreducing such pressure on the opposite walls or faces as indicated bythe lighter shading at 4 Thus the operations here set forth have thenormal effect of causing a sliding tendency of the interlocking zone ofthe paper-tube with an accompanying modification in the actual locationsin the tube-wall of the described areas of high compression and ofrelatively low conipression. By reason of the continuity of the papertube-surface, and the ogee form of the opposing interlocking faces, thebended fibers in said pressure areas are nat urally subjected, duringthe period of the said stresses and sliding action, to a shifting ofform and relative positions, these results being facilitated, also, bythe qualities of toughness and resiliency of the fiber-stock of whichthe tube T should be formed.

until the relatively incipient gripping action,-or, more properly,compressive action,resulting from the panel section with its ogeecurvature pressed only a moderate depth into the paper, yet sutiicientto firmly engage the paper tube; and with the numerous engaging memberslocated within the described panel-inclosed or intermediate zone, as N,and shaped for more positively gripping into the paper of the tube T,this tube may be said to have a progressive engagement with thehead-tube B while under the gas-pressure, first, the direct frictionalengagement outside of the circuit of the panel, second, a moderatecompressive-engagement in the circuit of the panel, and, third, the morepositive additional engagement of the numerous interlock or grippingdevices located and distributed within the panel-inclosed zone. The saidfibers and pressure areas are thus shifted. in the tube wall T in onedirection during the period of increasing gas-pressure, and on thereduction of this pressure, those shifted parts are restored tosubstantially their original locations by av forward movement of thehead ll, while the forward portion of the papertube remains in itsoriginal position in lirm adhesion with the bore-surface of the tirearm.That forward movement of the headmember H, will, of course, besubstantially the amount ot the preceding rearward moren'ient thereofdue to any flexing of this head member plus the amount of the yieldingoi the ln'eech-blocl: or other parts of the gun, which thus operate forthe moment as an actuator for so restoring the shell members to theiroriginal positions, the one relatively to the other, and without anyconsiderable or material injury to the surface-fibers of the paper-tube,so that the reloadable shells may now be used a large number of timesbefore becoming so greatly worn as to be unserviceable.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. in a paper-tubeshot-shell, the combination with a head having a metal tube eX- tensiontor inclosing the paper-tube, of the papertube fixed at one end in thehead and extending within and beyond the head-tube, and a compoundinterlocking construction comprising a continuous circuit-form depressedpanel formed in and extending around the head tube less than onecircumference thereof, and inclosing an undepressed zone of the headtube located between two circumterentially-disposed panel-portions whichare located in different positions lon ;;itudinally of the head-tube,and also comprising a plurality of paper-engaging projections extendinginwardly from said inclosed head-tube zone and located in posi tionsseparated from each other and also separated troln said depressed panel,whereby said projections engage in and interlock with the paper-tubewithin a zone of the papentubc which is inclosed within a compressedcircuit-torm zone which engages with said depressed circuit-form panelof the head-tube, and whereby this panel ha."

two circumterentially-disposed zones of compressive engagement with thepapertube located, respectively, at two difierent and separate positionslongitudinally of the head-tube, substantially as described.

2. In a paper-tube shot-shell, the combination with a head having ametal tube eX- tension for inclosing one end of the papertube, of thepaper-tube fixed in the head and extending within and beyond thehead-tube, and a compound interlocking construction comprising adepressed zone-inclosing paper-compressing panel formed in the head tubeand inclosing an undepressed zone of the head tube between twocircumferentially-disposed panel-portions which are lo cated inditterent positions longitudinally of the head-tube, and also comprisinga pluralit-y of paper-gripping interlocking-projeetions extendinginwardly from said inelosed head-tube zone and located in distribut edpositions separate from each other and also separate from said depressedpanel, for engaging in an d. positively interlocking with the paper-tubewithin one zone which is located between two circumfercntiallydisposedzones of compressive engagement located, respectively. at two differentand separated positions longitudinally oi? the paper-tube and within thehead-tube, substantially as described.

3. In a shot shell, the combination with a paper-tube, of a head havingfixed therein one end of the paper tube, and having a tubular extensionsurrounding the paper tube and having a depressed panel formed in andextending around the said head tube than one circumference thereof, andhaving an undepressed intermediate zone of the head tube located betweentwo circumterentially disposed panel portions which are located inditterent positions longitudinally of the head-tube, and also lar ng aplurality of paper-:engagrng pro-- ertions extending inwardly trom saidheadtube intermediate zone and located in distribut ad positionsseparated from each other and also separated l'rom said panel,substantially as described.

FRANK (l). llOiiGlntNl).

i i itnesses Enwann ll. ALLEN,

lituuacs E. CARROLL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of latents,

Washington, D. C.

